Demographics of Botswana

Botswana, like many nations in southern Africa, suffers from a high HIV infection rate, estimated among adults ages 15 to 49 to be 20.7%.

Population

Census results

Bechuanaland Protectorate The seven censuses of Botswana before its independence happened irregularly. Due to the Anglo-Boer War, the first census of Bechuanaland Protectorate, originally set to occur in 1901, took place on 17 April 1904. The 1931 census was postponed to 1936 because of the Great Depression. The early censuses were unreliable and took several years to tabulate; the results were outdated by the time they were calculated.

Post-independence There have been six censuses after the independence of Botswana, each occurring every ten years in the year ending in 1 (i.e. 1971, 1981, 1991, 2001, 2011 and 2022). The 1971 census was the first census in Botswana to use de facto enumeration; this method counts people based on how many people spent census night at a specific location. Previously, the citizens were counted based on their usual place of residence. The 2001 census was the first census in Botswana to comply with the SADC 2000 Census Project, the guidelines of which unify the demographic statistics in southern Africa. The 2011 Census was the fifth census after independence the 2011 Botswana Population and Housing Census, it occurred in August 2011. The most recent sixth and most recent census is the 2022 Population and Housing Census which was carried out in April 2022.

UN estimates According to the total population was in , compared to only 413,000 in 1950. The proportion of children below the age of 15 in 2020 was about 33.4%, 62.1% were between 15 and 65 years of age, while 4.5% of the population were 65 years or older.

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2020) (Based on the results of the 2011 Population Census.):

Vital statistics

United Nations estimates Registration of vital events is in Botswana not complete. The Population Department of the United Nations prepared the following estimates. Population estimates account for under numeration in population censuses.

Births and deaths

Source: Vital Statistics Report 2012.

Life expectancy at birth Life expectancy from 1950 to 2020 (UN World Population Prospects):

Ethnic groups

Tswana 79%, Kalanga 11%, Basarwa 3%, Other 7% (including Kgalagadi, Indians and Whites).

Languages

Setswana 77.3%, Kalanga 7.4%, Sekgalagadi 3.4%, English 2.8%, Shona 2.0%, Sesarwa 1.7%, Sehambukushu 1.6%, Ndebele 1.0%, Others 2.8%. (2011 est.)

Religions

Christian 79.1%, Badimo 4.1%, Other 1.4% (includes the Baháʼí Faith, Hindu, Islam, Rastafari), None 15.2%, Unspecified 0.3% (2011 est.)

Other demographic statistics

Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2022.

One birth every 10 minutes One death every 37 minutes One net migrant every 180 minutes Net gain of one person every 12 minutes

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook.

Population 2,359,609 (2022) 2,350,667 (July 2021 est.) 2,214,858 (July 2017 est.)

Religions Christian 79.1%, Badimo 4.1%, other 1.4% (includes Baha'i, Hindu, Muslim, Rastafarian), none 15.2%, unspecified 0.3% (2011 est.)

Age structure

0-14 years: 30.54% (male 357,065/female 350,550) 15-24 years: 18.31% (male 208,824/female 215,462) 25-54 years: 39.67% (male 434,258/female 484,922) 55-64 years: 5.92% (male 59,399/female 77,886) 65 years and over: 5.56% (male 53,708/female 75,159) (2020 est.)

Total fertility rate 2.39 children born/woman (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 74th The total fertility rate is 2.42 children born/woman (2021 est.) Country comparison to the world: 74th

Population growth rate 1.4% (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 68th 1.43% (2021 est.) Country comparison to the world: 67th 1.55% (2017 est.)

Birth rate 20.28 births/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 70th 20.6 births/1,000 population (2021 est.) Country comparison to the world: 71st 22.1 births/1,000 population (2017 est.)

Death rate 9.05 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 59th 9.12 deaths/1,000 population (2021 est.) Country comparison to the world: 61st 9.6 deaths/1,000 population (2017 est.)

Median age Total: 25.7 years. Country comparison to the world: 157th Male: 24.5 years Female: 26.7 years (2020 est.)

Total: 24.5 years Male: 23.5 years Female: 25.6 years (2017 est.)

Net migration rate 2.81 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 41st 2.85 migrants/1,000 population (2021 est.) Country comparison to the world: 38th

Urbanization urban population: 72.2% of total population (2022) rate of urbanization: 2.47% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Urban population: 70.9% of total population (2020) Rate of urbanization: 2.87% annual rate of change (2015–20 est.)

Sex ratio At birth: 1.03 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-24 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 25-54 years: 0.9 male(s)/female 55-64 years: 0.76 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.71 male(s)/female Total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2020 est.)

Life expectancy at birth total population: 65.64 years male: 63.6 years female: 67.74 years (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 200th

Total population: 65.2 years Male: 63.2 years Female: 67.3 years (2021 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate 67.4% (2017)

Maternal mortality rate 144 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.) Country comparison to the world: 59th

HIV/AIDS

Adult prevalence rate: 22.2% (2019 est.) People living with HIV/AIDS: 380,000 (2019 est.) Deaths due to AIDS: 5,000 (2019 est.) Country comparison to the world: 25th

Physicians density 0.53 physicians/1,000 population (2016)

Hospital bed density 1.8 beds/1,000 population (2010)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate 18.9% (2016)

Major infectious diseases Degree of risk: high (2020) Food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever Vectorborne disease: malaria

Nationality Noun: Motswana (singular), Batswana (plural) Adjective: Motswana (singular), Batswana (plural)

Literacy Definition: age 15 and over can read and write Total population: 88.5% Male: 88% Female: 88.9% (2015 est.)

Education expenditure 8.7% of total GDP (2007)

Sanitation facility access Improved: Urban: 92.9% of population Rural: 60.8% of population Total: 82.8% of population

Unimproved: Urban: 7.1% of population Rural: 39.2% of population Total: 17.2% of population (2017 est.)

Migrants

According to the United Nations, there were 110,596 international migrants in Botswana in 2019. Their most common countries of origin were as follows:

References

Botswana Demographics 2001 Central Statistics Office (Botswana), Census and Demographic Statistics for the year 2001.